Best Heart Disease Prevention Steps

Sunday, May 4, 2014

(Article first published as Top Heart Disease Prevention Steps on Technorati.)
Why are some people seemingly able to eat a diet loaded with heart clogging fried foods and fats, while others seem destined to poor health regardless of their diet? This question has plagued medical researchers for decades. The answer is now beginning to unravel, in part due to advancements in decoding the human genome, and an understanding of the intricate genetic interactions which respond to diet and lifestyle decisions we make every day.

Genes Provide the Missing Link to Heart Disease
Scientists are able to watch gene alterations or switching in virtual real time, as they observe the positive or negative influences of specific food items in each meal. According to a study published in the journal Nature, researchers have identified nearly 100 genes which specifically control up to a third of the inherited factors controlling our cholesterol, specifically LDL cholesterol and triglycerides that are known factors in the development of coronary artery disease and heart attack risk.

Our Genes Aren’t Set in Stone
This study demonstrates for the first time that certain individuals are predisposed to developing abnormal types of oxidized LDL cholesterol through a hereditary link. Based on the results, up to 20% of people are at increased risk for developing heart disease, as their genes have been ‘switched’ in favor of  developing a poor blood lipid profile.

This does not mean that you’re condemned to poor health due to heredity. Our genes respond to the cues they receive from the foods we eat and the lifestyle we lead. A predisposition to heart disease is not destined. Fortunately, there are several simple steps you can follow to reduce and virtually eliminate the risk for coronary artery disease, regardless of the genetic cards you’ve been dealt.

Step 1: Eat Fat with Your Heart in Mind
Diet is the single most important factor which controls the actions of your genes. The nutritional content of each bite of food directly impacts and influences how each gene activates, and scientists are able to track subtle changes which take place after each meal. Diets which are high in hydrogenated trans fats such as fried foods are particularly damaging from a genetic perspective.

It’s important to understand that not all fats are the same when it comes to heart health. For a half century, saturated fats have been maligned, and most have been advised to avoid them at all cost. Nothing could be further from the truth, as these fats play an essential role in cellular health.

Omega-3 fats from fish and fish oil are essential to the prevention and treatment of heart disease. Ensure that the ratio of Omega-6 fats (from vegetable oil sources) to Omega-3 fats is no higher than 4:1 to reduce systemic inflammation and proliferation of coronary disease.

Step 2: Limit Refined Carbs and Wheat Based Foods
Extensive scientific data is mounting which correlates excessive consumption of wheat-based foods with progression of coronary artery disease. Wheat has been a part of the human diet for a relatively short period of our evolutionary history, and genetically we’re not well equipped to digest these grains.

To make matters worse, most foods made with wheat have been highly ined, stripping out any beneficial fiber which cause wild swings in blood sugar levels. Limit or fully eliminate wheat and ined carbs to avoid dangerous triglyceride and oxidized LDL cholesterol levels.

Step 3: Supplement with Heart Friendly Nutrients
People who are genetically predisposed to heart disease, as well as those with the desire to prevent this silent killer will want to supplement with a targeted nutritional cocktail which has been shown to stop coronary artery disease in its tracks. The B complex vitamins along with C and E provide critical support for the heart, as long as they are taken in their natural forms.

Magnesium, Selenium, Chromium and Potassium are essential minerals. It’s important to note that a daily multi vitamin doesn’t provide the proper amount or type of these critical nutrients. Choose a non-synthetic source made from whole foods. The amino acids Lysine and Proline in combination with Vitamin C (The Pauling Therapy) can be used for advanced protection against heart disease.

Research has uncovered the genetic link to heart disease which many have suspected since the beginning of modern medicine. We’re now able to use gene mapping to understand how this disease develops, and more important, how we can affect our diet and lifestyle to reduce our risk factors, and prevent and even treat coronary artery disease.
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White House Covering contraception is cost neutral since it saves money The Birth Control Controversy and Using Todays Costs for Tomorrows Savings

Saturday, May 3, 2014

"Cost neutral and saves money?"

"What the hell does that mean?" asks the Disease Management Care Blog.

How can a White House Fact Sheet simultaneously assert that an insurance mandate simultaneously costs nothing and also reduces health care costs? Is this cognitive dissonance? Clever obfuscation? Insurance amateurism?

The physician DMCB fully understands the importance of contraception in womens health.

The logical DMCB knows someone has to eventually pay for birth control pills and doesnt understand the material difference between a mandate for buying contraceptive coverage versus buying mandated insurer coverage of contraceptives.

The accommodating DMCB wonders if religious leaders could compromise by agreeing to cover birth control pills with a "100% co-pay."

But the blogging DMCB couldnt resist looking at the of real world difficulty of reconciling todays insurer hard costs and tomorrows savings.  Over the years, it has learned its never that easy. 

Read on and see why that rule holds here.

So, just what is the evidence on birth control pills (BCPs)?

While BCPs $15 to $50 a month retail cost contrasts with the average $13,000 to $17,000 total charge for childbirth, its not that simple. Add up the additional cost of thousands of BCP prescriptions, their associated provider visits plus unnecessary testing, a 15% failure rate and a low but appreciable rate of side effects, its very possible that the aggregate costs of BCPs could exceed any savings from a fewer number of unwanted pregnancies.

The WH Fact Sheet addresses this by saying that prior studies show.....

"...there was no increase in premiums when contraception was added to the Federal Employees Health Benefit System and required of non-religious employers in Hawaii. One study found that covering contraception saved employees $97 per year, per employee."

As far as "Hawaii" goes, the DMCB discovered that White House is quoting "empirical evidence" from a 2001 study from the states Insurance Commissioner. It describes the experience of four commercial health plans (anonymously named A, B, C and D) that went through a state-imposed contraceptive mandate.  "A" already covered it, "B" saw a 14 cents per member cost of "contraceptive services and supplies" and "no material changes in eligible charges for maternity related services," "C" had a $1.50 increase in "contraceptive costs" and an approximate $7 decrease in maternity costs per 1000 members (which the Commissioner summarizes as of "little effect"), and "D" which had an 11.5% increase in pregnant members as the contraceptive mandate was implemented.

And where does the Fact Sheets "$97" savings figure come from? The DMCB suspects the number comes from Table 4 of a 2000 CDC and Washington Business Group on Health Report here which quotes scenario economic modeling of $562 vs. $659 per employee per year with and without a contraceptive benefit, respectively.

While it was thinking about the topic of economic modeling, the DMCB found this interesting 1996 study of the cost-effectiveness of family planning services for the British National Health Service. Based on a cost of £39 and "0.82" avoided pregnancies per year, the authors estimate that the NHS saved £754 "per avoided pregnancy." The DMCB suspects the White House would probably per to not quote this one.

The DMCBs conclusion: there is no real world evidence that oral contraceptives save any money by reducing claims expense. Any evidence that there are savings are based on methodologically suspect economic modeling and actuarial studies. While the good news is that BCPs probably wont increase insurance costs, the bad news is that it does little to tame health care inflation. Thats probably why this small recent survey of U.S. health insurers indicates that they dont believe it will save money either.

Two other DMCB  points:

Given the experience in Europe, even if the mandate for contraceptive coverage wins this round, it will remain vulnerable to political and economic meddling... probably forever.  Womens health deserves better.

BCPs are easy to prescribe.  Given the likelihood of not enough PCPs to meet demand,it can be argued a physician office visit is unnecessary - which would further lower costs. It has also been argued that BCPs should be made available without a prescription, which begs the question of why this should be an "insurance benefit" in the first place.

Image from Wikipedia
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CoQ10 and PQQ Boost Energy and Slow Aging

(Article first published as Natural Nutrients Shown to Revitalize Energy and Slow Aging on Technorati.)
One of the hallmarks of aging is a rapid decline in cellular energy. Energy is produced by a complex of small powerhouses inside each cell known as mitochondria. Mitochondria are particularly vulnerable to the ravages of free radicals and oxidation from normal metabolic activity in our body and begin to deteriorate with advancing age.

Researchers have demonstrated that powerful antioxidant nutrients known to enhance energy production by supporting mitochondrial regeneration can slow aging, prevent disease and extend healthy lifespan.

Mitochondrial Decline Leads to Chronic Disease Development
Mitochondrial degradation is directly related to loss of energy as we age. 95% of the mitochondria are damaged in a 90 year old person compared with virtually no damage seen in pre-teens. Researchers are beginning to tie the development and progression of diseases such as Alzheimer`s disease, type II diabetes, heart failure and cancer to mitochondrial decline and failure. 

Mitochondria contain their own DNA aside from the cell nucleus and remain relatively unprotected and extremely vulnerable to free radical damage. Over time the DNA sustains mutations that disable the energy producing capacity of the mitochondria. Many biologists now believe that the number of functioning mitochondria determine human longevity. The more functional mitochondria you have in your cells, the lower your risk of disease.

PQQ Boosts Cellular Energy Production
PQQ (Pyrroloquinoline quinine) is a natural enzyme cofactor that is emerging as an essential compound capable of mitochondrial regeneration. The results of a study published in the Alternative Medicine Review demonstrate that PQQ is a powerful antioxidant with a 5,000 time greater capacity to quell free radical damage compared to vitamin C. This prevents damage to the delicate mitochondria and prevents functional decline that has been shown to initiate disease and energy decline.

Research recently published in the Journal of Biological Chemistry demonstrates how PQQ not only protects the integrity of existing mitochondria from oxidative damage, but also stimulates the growth of new mitochondria. Up until now only calorie restriction and vigorous exercise have been shown to exhibit these characteristics. This type of news should make headlines as it is an indicator that the aging process can be slowed. You won`t hear this information though because it relates to a natural substance that can`t be patented by Big Pharma.

CoQ10 Works in Harmony with PQQ to Boost Energy Levels
CoQ10 has long been known to increase energy levels as it is an essential cofactor in the production of cellular energy known as ATP. PQQ and CoQ10 work together as a team to combat the effects of cognitive decline commonly seen in the elderly. PQQ stimulates the production and release of nerve growth factor in the brain that protects memory and learning. When both cofactors are present in the blood, tests of cognition are dramatically improved in aging subjects.

PQQ is naturally found in a variety of foods including leafy green vegetables, fruits, green tea and wine. Many people will need to supplement with the nutrient due to poor dietary habits. Ground breaking research provides evidence that this little known enzyme cofactor may hold the key to prevention of brain aging while improving cardiovascular health and longevity.
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Home remedies to treat diabetes naturally

Friday, May 2, 2014


Some people think that diabetes is just an increase in blood sugar levels and they can treat it by simply taking insulin in medication. Well first of all i would like to appeal to all my freinds who have diabetes to be serious about the disease as it is not just common illness it is a "sneaky silent killer" as I explained in my earlier article. If you dont take it seriously and leave it untreated it can land you in serious health complications like blindness, chronic pains, limb amputations, excessive fatigue and heart attacks. 


So you must learn how to control your diabetes first! Caul management of type 2 diabetes can reduce your risk of serious — even life-threatening — complications. Despite so many researches going on and precautions taken, one cannot predict who will suffer from diabetes. Even gestational diabetes is also on the rise. Treatment can be given to diabetics depending on the type and severity of their disease. Here are a few natural remedies that can be helpful in reducing the sugar levels in a diabetic patient.

Natural Home remedies for treating diabetes at home:

1) Bitter Melon 
Bitter melon or bitter gourd is an ancient remedy to treat diabetes at home. It can be helpful for controlling diabetes due to its blood glucose lowering effects. It tends to influence the glucose metabolism all over your body rather than a particular organ or tissue. It helps increase pancreatic insulin secretion and prevents insulin resistance. Thus, bitter gourd is beneficial for both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. 

It can be taken in the form of juice, or cooked and fried and consumed with food daily. Many per drinking the stock after boiling the bitter gourd. The best effects can be gained when taken on empty stomach every morning. Be cautious while taking bitter gourd as it can even lead to hypoglycemia or low blood sugar levels.

2) Garlic
This is a common kitchen staple known to every family and is extensively used in everyday cooking. Everyone is aware of the cholesterol-reducing effect of garlic; few people know about its anti-diabetic effect. The chemical Allicin in garlic is believed to have hypoglycemic effects. Studies have found that garlic might protect against heart disease in the general population as well as help control abnormally high blood sugar levels in diabetics.

3) Olive Oil
German researchers, found that blood glucose levels were lower in people who ate a diet rich in monounsaturated fat than in people who ate a low-fat diet. Numerous other studies have suggested that people with diabetes who consume a diet high in monounsaturated fat have the same level of control over blood sugar levels as those who eat a low-fat diabetic diet. But monounsaturated fat also helps keep triglyceride levels in check, reduce LDL cholesterol levels, and increase HDL cholesterol levelsCooking all foods with edible olive oil brings about this effect on the long run. 

4) Cinnamon
Cinnamon is the common spice used in every household. The taste and the aroma enhancer also has beneficial anti-diabetic properties. Research studies show that intake of 1, 3, or 6 g of cinnamon per day reduces serum glucose, triglyceride, LDL cholesterol, and total cholesterol in people with type 2 diabetes and suggest that the inclusion of cinnamon in the diet of people with type 2 diabetes will reduce risk factors associated with diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. 

It is believed to have the same properties like insulin in lowering the blood glucose level. It is recommended to take half spoon of cinnamon powder everyday to get the desired effect. It can also be chewed in its natural form instead of being made into a powder.

5) Fenugreek
Fenugreek seeds are rich in sugar-lowering properties. several clinical trials showed that fenugreek seeds can improve most metabolic symptoms associated with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes in humans by lowering blood glucose levels and improving glucose tolerance. 
Even the leaves of this plant can be made as curry and consumed regularly. 

Fenugreek helps to reduce the insulin dependency when taken in regular intervals. A teaspoon-full of seeds should be soaked in a glass of water over night and the water along with the seeds should be drunk on empty stomach. No foods or medications should be taken for the next 30 minutes after consuming the water. This treatment is recommended for 2 – 3 times per week.

6) Fig Leaves
Figs leaves are very commonly used in treating diabetes. They are believed to have anti-diabetic properties that help them to reduce the sugar levels in the blood. Fig leaves have anti-diabetic properties and are used in a tea form. You simply take the fresh leaves and cut them up, including the stems and boil them in water. The leaves need to be boiled for at least 15 minutes. The sap in the stems is what is of high value.

7) Aloe Vera
This is a very common plant grown in most households. It has been widely used for medical and cosmetic properties for centuries. Recent studies prove that it has hypoglycemic characteristics, and can reduce high blood sugar levels. It also has anti-inflammatory properties that promote wound healing. Mix one to two teaspoons of ground bay leaves, one teaspoon of turmeric and one teaspoon of aloe vera gel. Drink this solution daily, before lunch and dinner. Or you can take aloe gel with buttermilk to improve the taste. 

8) Grape Seed Extract (GSE)
Grape seeds are a rich source of vitamin E, flavonoids, linoleic acid and oligomeric proanthocyanidins. Recent studies have proved their efficacy in treating diabetes. Research studies have shown that GSE significantly reduced inflammation, hypoglycemia and oxidative stress in obese type 2 diabetics.

The grape seeds are ground and placed in capsules; the person can take up to 300mg per day to reduce the blood sugar levels.

9) Neem
Neem, a tree that is believed to have anti-bacterial and anti-fungal property, has anti-diabetic properties as well. Neem leaf extracts and seeds are used as an active ingredient as an effective cure for diabetes. It has been scientifically proven after a number of tests and research by leading medical institutes, that neem parts have high efficacy in treating the disease. Neem leaf extracts improve the blood circulation by dilating the blood vessels and also helpful in reducing the need for hypo-glycaemic drugs. It has been found to reduce insulin requirements by up to 50%. 

10) Indian Gooseberry
Amla the common man’s fruit that is rich in vitamin C also has hypoglycemic properties. The fruit when taken orally helps to reduce the sugar level by stimulating insulin production within 30 minutes of consumption. The researchers found that oxidative stress markers reduced by 23% in those who took 250 mg of extract and 28% in group who took 500 mg extract.

11) Jamun
This is a seasonal berry that is not available all through the year. It is a rich source of vitamin A and C, 100 grams of this fruit consumed per day can do wonders to the blood glucose levels. A teaspoon of dried seeds powder is advised to take in early morning first thing in empty stomach, to reduce high blood sugar. in addition, it helps to reduce the insulin dose. 

12) Vinegar
Many may not include vinegar in their regular diet. But this again helps diabetics to reduce the sugar concentration in the blood. Add vinegar to foods that can be palatable with this ingredient. Two spoons of vinegar before food helps in the reduction of glucose influx. 

13) Oysters
Oysters may have no direct effect in reducing the blood glucose level. But, as a rich source of zinc, they help to promote wound healing in diabetics. Thus, it is advisable for diabetics to include oysters in their diet for better wound healing capability. 

14) Papaya
It is recommended to consume papaya on a daily basis as it has natural blood sugar controlling capability that helps to control diabetes by and large. It is also a rich source of vitamin C and anti-oxidants along with carotenes and flavonoids.

15) Vitamin C
Wondering why vitamin C is used for diabetes? Recent researches have found that consuming up to 600mg of vitamin C daily can help to normalize the blood glucose levels. Foods rich in vitamin C should be consumed daily by chronic diabetics.

16) Mango
The leaves of the mango tree are believed to have anti-diabetic properties. The leaf extracts need to be administered at least 60 minutes before food consumption then only the desired effect can be seen. It helps to reduce the intestinal glucose absorption, which is the reason behind its anti-diabetic effect.

17) Holy Basil
This is a medicinal plant, which is also considered holy by many Indians right from ancient times. It is recommended to extract the juice from the leaves and consume it. A daily habit of eating fresh leaves from the garden after washing has tremendous effects on the body. Basil leaves bring about a significant reduction in the blood glucose level. Apart from that, this leaf also has anti-stress, anti-asthmatic, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, gastric anti-ulcer, anti-oxidant, anti-viral, anti-tumor, anti-mutagenic and immuno-stimulant properties.

18) Ladys FingerThis most sought out vegetable is rich in soluble fibers. It helps to slow down the absorption of glucose from the intestine. Soak one ladys finger slit in the middle in a glass of water overnight and consume it on an empty stomach. Done over a month, it reduces the blood glucose level to a great extent.

19) Beans
Beans help to slow down the digestion process thereby preventing the rise in blood glucose level. Beans give a feeling of fullness to the stomach and satiety is reached early.

20) Soy
Soy is a blessing for those having unmanageable chronic diabetes. Soy contains isoflavones that help to reduce blood sugar levels while keeping the body well nourished. It also prevents the accumulation of fat as it gives very little calories. It is ideal for weight reduction program too.
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Fusion Pull Apart Bread We Knead To Bake 1

Do you know bread baking is therapeutic,if you dont trust me bake some and you will know it. As i told already,i love to bake my breads at home, cant explain the aroma of freshly baked bread and the smell while baking breads at home.Two days back, dunno whether you guys have noticed a bunch of food bloggers posted their pull apart breads, while going through their post,i came to know about the new baking event started by Aparna of My Diverse Kitchen called We Knead To Bake.

Immediately i send a mail to Aparna asking to add me in her baking group and she was kind enough to add me, she send us a detailed mail about the event. We will be baking 12 breads during this year, yep 1 bread a month, obviously its sounds pect for me. For this months baking, we have to bake a pull apart bread, i baked mine friday with potato peas masala,feta cheese and grated gruyere cheese, thats why i named it a fusion pull apart bread, as i felt like calling as though else just imagine the name of this pull apart bread. Dunno about you all, i usually think twice before naming a dish if i create them, fusion pull apart bread sounds short and sweet for me.You may think why feta cheese in the dough, as my kids dont like this cheese,i have added them in the dough,you can use very well in the filling if you like it.


2cups All purpose flour
1cup Whole wheat flour
2tsp Active dry yeast
1tsp Salt
1tsp Sugar
1/4cup Feta cheese (mashed)
1/4cup Olive oil
1/2cup Warm milk
3/4cup Milk


Dissolve the sugar and the yeast in the 1/2 cup of warm milk. Keep aside forabout 5 minutes till the yeast mixture bubbles up.

Put flour, salt, olive oil,mashed feta cheese in the bowl and mix it well with your fingers. 

Add the yeast mixture and the remaining milk and knead till you have a soft, smooth and pliabledough which is not sticky. Add a little extra flour if your dough is sticky.

Shape the dough into a ball and place it in a bowl greased with oil, turn the dough to coat it completely with oil.

Cover and let it rise for 2 hours or until almost double in volume.



Filling:
2nos Potatoes (cooked & mashed)
1/2cup Frozen green peas
1no Onion (chopped)
1/2tsp Cumin seeds
1tsp Garam masala
1/2tsp Chaat masala
2nos Green chillies (chopped)
Oil
Salt
Grated Gruyere cheese (as per need)

Heat enough oil in a pan, let crack the cumin seeds, add the chopped onions and chopped green chillies,cook until the onions turns transculent.

Add the green peas, cook for few minutes, add the mashed potatoes,chaat masala garam masala and salt, cook in simmer until everything gets well cooked.

Put off the stove and let it cool completely.

Assembling:

Preheat the oven to 350F.

Dust your work surface lightly with flour. 

Deflate the dough, shape it into a square and roll the dough out into a large square.

Evenly spread the cooled potato peas masala and then the grated cheese. 

Lightly press the topping into the dough to ensure the topping doesn’t fall off when you are stacking the strips.



Using a sharp knife, cut straight down through the stack dividingit into 6 equal pieces (6 square stacks).

Grease and lightly flour a loaf tin. Layer the square slices, cut sides down into the loaf tin.

Cover the loaf tin dough with a towel and allow the dough to rise for an hour.

Sprinkle the gruyere cheese on the top of the bread.

Bake the dough at 350F for about 30 to 40 minutes until it is done and the top is goldenbrown.

Serve warm.
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Brighten Skin with Papaya Mask

Thursday, May 1, 2014

 
Brighten Skin with Papaya Mask

Papaya is but one fruit that grow fast and spread throughout Indonesia. Besides which has a sweet taste and fresh and has now nutrients which can be best for the fitness of its a vitamin content, the fruit is usually very theraputic for your facial beauty to appear more bright and beautiful glow naturally.

Brighten Skin with Papaya Mask, To be sure, the employment of drugs or facial cream contains chemicals that arent best for health. Well papaya mask can be the best solution for making natural skin care and certainly very safe. Additionally papaya we can easily easily find about the place we live and also the cost is quite cheap.

Papaya enzymes have similar alpha alpha hydroxy acid (AHA). This enzyme provides a substance which could brighten the skin and lower wrinkles freckles on the face. There isnt a harm by trying. The secret to success is just not difficult, simply abide by these steps:

First, provide these materials:

3 tablespoons finely ground papaya
2 teaspoons honey

Steps to make Papaya Mask:

Mix the above ingredients together. Stir until blended.
Before you decide to apply the mask on, wash face first.
Spread evenly papaya mask which you created earlier. Avoid eye and lip area. Let mean 10 mins.
And then, rinse with warm water.

This treatment can be done on a regular basis at least 2 times a week and feel the results.

May be useful.
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Musculoskeletal conditions injuries may be associated with statin use



Using cholesterol-lowering statins may be associated with musculoskeletal conditions, arthropathies (joint diseases) and injuries, according to a report published Online First by JAMA Internal Medicine, a JAMA Network publication.

While statins effectively lower cardiovascular illnesses and death, the full spectrum of statin musculoskeletal adverse events (AEs) is unknown. Statin-associated musculoskeletal AEs include a wide variety of clinical presentations, including muscle weakness, muscle cramps and tendinous (tendon) diseases, the authors write in the study background.

Ishak Mansi, M.D., of the VA North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, and colleagues utilized data from a military health care system to determine whether statins were associated with musculoskeletal conditions based on statin use during the 2005 fiscal year. Patients were divided into two groups: statin users for at least 90 days and nonusers. A total of 46,249 patients met the study criteria and of those, researchers propensity score-matched (a statistical approach that mathematically matches the characteristics of patients in two or more groups) 6,967 statin users with 6,967 nonusers.

"Musculoskeletal conditions, arthropathies, injuries and pain are more common among statin users than among similar nonusers. The full spectrum of statins musculoskeletal adverse events may not be fully explored, and further studies are warranted, especially in physically active individuals," the authors notes.

Statin users had a higher odds ratio (OR) for musculoskeletal disease diagnosis group 1 (all musculoskeletal diseases: OR, 1.19), for musculoskeletal disease diagnosis group 1b (dislocation/strain/sprain: OR, 1.13) and for musculoskeletal diagnosis group 2 (musculoskeletal pain: OR, 1.09), but not for musculoskeletal disease diagnosis group 1a (osteoarthritis/arthropathy: OR,1.07), according to study results for the propensity score-matched pairs.

To our knowledge, this is the first study, using propensity score matching, to show that statin use is associated with an increased likelihood of diagnoses of musculoskeletal conditions, arthropathies and injuries. In our primary analysis, we did not find a statistically significant association between statin use and arthropathy; however, this association was statistically significant in all other analyses," the authors conclude. "These findings are concerning because starting statin therapy at a young age for primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases has been widely advocated."
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