Beauty Health for Life

While Omega-3 essential fatty acids—found in foods like wild fish and grass-fed livestock—are necessary for human body functioning, their effects on the working memory of healthy young adults have not been studied until now.

In the first study of its kind, researchers at the University of Pittsburgh have determined that healthy young adults ages 18-25 can improve their working memory even further by increasing their Omega-3 fatty acid intake. Their findings have been published online in PLOS One.

“Before seeing this data, I would have said it was impossible to move young healthy individuals above their cognitive best,” said Bita Moghaddam, project investigator and professor of neuroscience. “We found that members of this population can enhance their working memory performance even further, despite their already being at the top of their cognitive game.”

Led by Rajesh Narendarn, project principal investigator and associate professor of radiology, the Pitt research team sought healthy young men and women from all ethnicities to boost their Omega-3 intake with supplements for six months. They were monitored monthly through phone calls and outpatient procedures.

Before they began taking the supplements, all participants underwent positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, and their blood samples were analyzed. They were then asked to perform a working memory test in which they were shown a series of letters and numbers. The young adults had to keep track of what appeared one, two, and three times prior, known as a simple “n-back test.”

“What was particularly interesting about the presupplementation n-back test was that it correlated positively with plasma Omega-3,” said Moghaddam. “This means that the Omega-3s they were getting from their diet already positively correlated with their working memory.”

After six months of taking Lovaza—an Omega-3 supplement approved by the Federal Drug Administration—the participants were asked to complete this series of outpatient procedures again. It was during this last stage, during the working memory test and blood sampling, that the improved working memory of this population was revealed.

“So many of the previous studies have been done with the elderly or people with medical conditions, leaving this unique population of young adults unaddressed,” said Matthew Muldoon, project coinvestigator and associate professor of medicine at Pitt. “But what about our highest-functioning periods? Can we help the brain achieve its full potential by adapting our healthy behaviors in our young adult life? We found that we absolutely can.”

Although the effects of Omega-3s on young people were a focus, the Pitt team was also hoping to determine the brain mechanism associated with Omega-3 regulation. Previous rodent studies suggested that removing Omega-3 from the diet might reduce dopamine storage (the neurotransmitter associated with mood as well as working memory) and decrease density in the striatal vesicular monoamine transporter type 2 (commonly erred to as VMAT2, a protein associated with decision making). Theore, the Pitt researchers posited that increasing VMAT2 protein was the mechanism of action that boosted cognitive performance. Unfortunately, PET imaging revealed this was not the case.

“It is really interesting that diets enriched with Omega-3 fatty acid can enhance cognition in highly functional young individuals,” said Narendarn. “Nevertheless, it was a bit disappointing that our imaging studies were unable to clarify the mechanisms by which it enhances working memory.”

Ongoing animal modeling studies in the Moghaddam lab indicate that brain mechanisms that are affected by Omega-3s may be differently influenced in adolescents and young adults than they are in older adults. With this in mind, the Pitt team will continue to evaluate the effect of Omega-3 fatty acids in this younger population to find the mechanism that improves cognition.

Other Pitt researchers involved in the project include William G. Frankle, professor of psychiatry, and Neal S. Mason, research assistant professor of radiology.

The paper, “Improved Working Memory but No Effect on Striatal Vesicular Monoamine Transporter Type 2 after Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation” was published online Oct. 3 by PLOS One and supported by grants from the National Institute on Drug Abuse and the American Reinvestment and Recovery Act of 2009.

To begin, a trio of most excellent posts from the fine folks at Wise Bread. To fill out lots of other well-written and finely-observed pieces of literature. And to end, the most terrifying possibility for the future that I have ever contemplated: cats with thumbs.

1) Wise Bread:
17 Uses for Stale Bread
Breaking the Bread Code – How to Get the Freshest Loaf
Dilutions of Grandeur – Stretch Your Food at Every Meal
Honestly, Wise Bread deserves the first spot for the bread article alone (Tags are color coordinated by day? Who knew?), but the other two links just cement the glory.

2) Parenting the Tiniest of Miracles: Prepping Five Meals from Five Chicken Breasts
Super solid post on skinning, slicing, prepping, and cooking bone-in, skin-on chicken breasts, and then spreading them out to create several different meals. Definitely worth a gander, especially if you’re a poultry fan.

3) Words to Eat By: In Praise of Processed Foods
One mom uses – gasp – processed foods. Which are actually fine, depending, with a definition that encompasses a lot more than Taquitos and Go-Gurt. Read on for tips on choosing caully.

4) New York Times: Once a Villain, Coconut Oil Charms the Health Food World
In the olden times, coconut oil was believed less deadly than going to a Red Sox game wearing a Yankees jersey, but more deadly than having a quiet dinner with Michael Corleone. Nowadays, that impression is changing, thanks mostly to closer reading of old research, as well as an increasing number of delicious applications, such as the ones Melissa Clark includes in this thorough, engaging piece.

5) Obama Foodorama: Chris Christie Supports Michelle Obama
Three Republican governors with weight issues – Mike Huckabee (ex-AR), Chris Christie (NJ), and Haley Barbour (MS) – have said publicly that they think MObama’s doing a dang good job with the Let’s Move! campaign. More interestingly, her three most vocal opponents are thin conservative women – Sarah Palin, Michelle Bachmann, and Laura Ingraham. (Okay, and Rush Limbaugh, but that guy stopped mattering in 1997.) Why is that? I have … theories. But they’re mean. I’m more interested in what you guys think.

6) Wall Street Journal: Consumers Start to Feel Pinch From Higher Grain Prices
Two things to know, but not necessarily freak over: “U.S. food prices will jump between 3% and 4% this year,” and “The USDA expects food prices this year to climb at roughly twice the general inflation rate.” It’s not good, but other countries are being hit a lot worse, so count some blessings, yo.

7) Boston.com: A madcap quest for ‘free’
Profile of Kathy Spencer, a hardcore couponer whos inspired thousands like her, for better (mostly) or for worse. The best quote: "When a newbie couponer is birthed, they are very much like baby vampires." Ive already started the script for Twilight: Rite Aid, so book your movie tickets now.

8) Chow: Chefs are Masochists, Culinary School is a Scam
Helena Echilin layeth the smacketh downeth. Think twice about forking over $70,000 for cooking school, folks. In most cases, you’d be better off washing dishes at a diner. At least youd be in a working kitchen.

9) The Economist: The 9 Billion-People Question
Honestly, I haven’t had the chance to read all of this (which is why it’s at #9). What I did get through was detailed, intelligent, and about as objective as you can be when you’re reporting on the potential starvation of billions. Check it out. (Er, and tell me about it!)

10) Chicago Tribune: The Kids Table - Better nutrition at the end of the rainbow
Eat the rainbow! A natural one, though – not the processed rainbow found in boxes of Lucky Charms. Blueberries, kale, and oranges are of what we speak.

HONORABLE MENTIONS

Business Week: Breathing More Profit into Chocolate Bars
With food prices soaring, choco-companies are adding the cheapest ingredient of all in as filler. Nope, not used copies of Extreme’s Pornograffiti album, but – air.

Culiante: Madhur Jaffrey
Leigh! This one’s for you.

The Kitchn: Smarter Searching with Google’s New Recipe Feature
On the plus side, this means easier ingredient-based searches. On the minus side, food bloggers won’t really benefit until some coding issues get worked out. (ETA: More from Elise Bauer.)

AND ALSO

Cats With Thumbs
I genuinely fear this.



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Consuming omega-3 fish oils can help to prevent skin cancer, according to the first clinical trial exploring the influence of fish oils on the skin immunity of humans.

The study was conducted by a team of researchers from the University of Manchester and funded by the Association for International Cancer Research, and examined the effect of taking omega-3 on 79 healthy participants.

Findings of the study, published in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, revealed that consuming regular doses of fish oils increases immunity to sunlight.

It directly decreases sunlight-induced immunity suppression - called immunosuppression - which affects the bodys power to combat skin cancer and infection.

Professor Lesley Rhodes, Professor of Experimental Dermatology from the Photobiology Unit Dermatology Centre at the Universitys School of Medicine and Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, said their study was the first of its kind conducted using humans:

"There has been research in this area carried out on mice in the past but this is the first time that there has been a clinical trial directly in people. It has taken a number of years to get to this stage and the findings are very exciting. This study adds to the evidence that omega-3 is a potential nutrient to protect against skin cancer. Although the changes we found when someone took the oil were small, they suggest that a continuous low level of chemoprevention from taking omega-3 could reduce the risk of skin cancer over an individuals lifetime."

The volunteers consumed a 4g dose of omega-3 - approximately one and a half portions of oily fish each day. Then they were exposed to either 8, 15, or 30 minutes of summer midday sun in Manchester using a specific light machine.

A number of other participants took a placebo before being exposed to the sunlight machine.

Immunosuppression was shown to be 50 percent lower in the subjects that took the omega-3 and were exposed to 8 and 15 minutes of sunshine compared with the volunteers who did not take the supplement. Little to no impact on those in the 30 minute group was shown.

The conclusions from this study are significant in the battle against skin cancer, because earlier studies have always shown that sunscreens are frequently applied incorrectly and only worn on vacation.

However, Professor Rhodes points out omega-3 is not a substitute for suntan lotion or physical protection, and that it should be seen as additional protection factor to help keep the skin from burning.

Historically, fish oil has already been associated with health benefits like protecting against cardiovascular disease, helping prevent age-related vision loss, and even slowing the growth of prostate cancer cells.

Okay, you guys. I was going to start off by explaining that this is a massive links collection dating back to Christmas (which it is, and it starts a little further down). But a friend forwarded me this video yesterday, along with the blurb, “Someone has to tell her this is impossible.” You have to watch it right now:



Right?

Holy moly. She must be quadruple jointed. I need to start doing yoga. Or at least minimal stretching.

Anyway, without further ado, here are the top links of the last month. Enjoy!

1)Money Saving Mom: Celebrating a Major Financial Milestone
A lifelong frugalist, Crystal and her husband Jesse are now buying a house outright. 100% cash down. No loans necessary. I don’t think she’s 30 yet. They have three kids. Dare to dream, folks.

2) Three-way tie from The Kitchn
25 Money-saving Tips for Frugal Cooking and Shopping
25 Favorite Quick-and-Easy Weeknight Meals
Spice Storage & Pot Racks – Reader Storage Solutions
The Kitchn has been tearing it up the last three weeks, with countdown after countdown of their best posts from 2009. Nearly every comp is worth a gander, but these three stuck out to me.

3) Ruhlman: America – Too Stupid to Cook
Half smug rant, half caul critique, Ratio author Michael Ruhlman bemoans both the state and underestimation of U.S. home cooks. Read the comments for a fabulous, extended thoughtful discussion. (Thanks to Elise for the link.)

4) Jezebel: Taco Bell’s Drive Thru Diet isn’t Really a Diet After All
More fast food joints are pushing their menus as diet aids, with Taco Bell most recently jumping on the bandwagon. Marketing-wise, it’s pretty brilliant. Are-you-serious-wise … really? Taco Bell? The same people who placed a Fourth Meal ad (“The meal between dinner and breakfast!”) next to the one for their lower-fat Fresco menu? Hunh.

5) Chow: 10 Tips for a Healthy Diet
Resolution makers! This level-headed advice is an excellent way to kick off your 2010 dietary overhaul.

6) MSN Smart Spending: Are Weight Loss Plans Worth the Cost?
On the timely CBS piece exploring the efficacy and value of eight popular diet programs. South Beach walks away the clear winner at $3.25 per pound lost, while In the Zone runs a staggering $224 for the same. Yikes.

7) Gizmodo: You’re Doing it Wrong – How to Properly Buy, Maintain, and Use a Knife
Stupendous all-around tutorial on the most important piece of hardware in your kitchen. This will make cooking about 1000% easier. Id stake my socks on it.

8) Serious Eats: Resolution – Eat Less Meat
Looking to improve your health and bottom line immediately? Eat a few vegetarian or meat-lite meals every week. This quick rundown from Almost Meatless co-author Tara Mataraza Desmond is a good way to get started.

9) Casual Kitchen: How to Resist Irresistible Food
Worthy piece on how logic/thoughtful eating can conquer cravings/mindless eating. If you’re interested in visualization and behavioral modification (or, simply going mental), definitely check this out.

10) KGW: Portland culinary institute faces class-action lawsuit
When I first saw this headline, I thought, “Man, such entitlement here.” But further inspection reveals a much more complex issue. When a school promises to place you in cooking capacity at a major restaurant, and you end up as a busboy, do you have a right to raise a ruckus? Law school graduates don’t start in the mailroom.


HONORABLE MENTIONS

Bitten: Roasting Winter Vegetables
Vegetable + olive oil + salt-n-pepa + 30-40 minutes in a 400°F oven = wonderful January dinner. Don’t you love math?

Buffalo News: On a budget? Eat out in style by making smart choices
Quick, solid roundup of frugal restaurant strategies for newbies.

Cooking Issues: Crowded Wet Mushrooms – a Beautiful Thing
Hey! We’ve all been cooking mushrooms wrong. Dang. (Thanks to Eat Me Daily for the link.)

Food Politics
FDA warns Nestlé - Juicy Juice misbranded!
How Many Extra Calories Cause Weight Gain?
What’s up With Food and Nutrition in 2010?
Three solid quickies from Marion Nestle. The Juicy Juice thing is appalling.

Fox: Man Pays $72 for Taco
Frugality fail.

Get Rich Slowly: The Best Time to Buy Almost Everything
You may have seen Lifehacker’s recent roundup on this, but GRS is much more thorough.

MSN Smart Spending: Bean Counting and Bag Lady Dreams
Reflective piece in which writer Donna Freedman chronicles some tough times and the dreams that keep her going.

New York Times: Living on Nothing but Food Stamps
An increasing number of Americans have no income whatsoever, except for their food allowances. Scary.

Roger Eberts Journal: Nil by Mouth
Cancer robbed the movie critic of his ability to speak, eat, and drink. But he can still write like the dickens.

Serious Eats: Low-fat Brownies – Applesauce vs. Yogurt
Yogurt wins by a mile. Read on for reasons.

Wise Bread: 7 Quick Meals That Are Faster Than Pizza Delivery
Why pay and wait for shrimp when you can make it faster and cheaper in your own galley?


AND TO TOP IT OFF

Stereogum: The 12 Best Late Night TV Performances of 2009
Cheeky music blog selects the best mini-concerts from Fallon, Letterman, and more. Definitely check the near-flawless Phoenix set, as well as “Aeon” by Antony and the Johnsons. If you’ve never heard Antony Hegarty sing, you will not believe the voice that comes out of this guy. He’s been blessed.



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Earlier this year, researchers reported finding insulin being produced in an organ other than the pancreas:

"Researchers at Rhode Island Hospital and Brown Medical School have discovered that insulin and its related proteins are produced in the brain, and that reduced levels of both are linked to Alzheimers disease."

The amounts were low. But the idea that Alzheimers Disease (AD) could be a form of diabetes specific to the central nervous system prompted additional study. Subsequently, a supportive follow-up report was published in November that described a link between the progressive nature of AD and the availability of insulin and insulin-like growth factors - the lower the quantity of insulin and functioning insulin receptors in the brain, the more advanced was the stage of AD.

The type of diabetes described here as associated with Alzheimers Disease (coined "type 3 diabetes" by researchers) is not the same as type 2 diabetes, which affects approximately 18 million Americans. Type 2 diabetes is characterized by higher than normal levels of blood glucose (throughout the body) which result from malfunctions in the production or utilization of insulin made in the pancreas.

A connection between the two disorders may exist, but has yet to be clarified. If a relationship can be shown, the possibilities for therapies that could target both type 2 diabetes and Alzheimers Disease are promising.

________
For press release on "brain insulin" finding:
Researchers discover link between insulin and Alzheimers

For some summaries of the recent study:
Evidence Grows That Alzheimers Is A Type Of Diabetes
and
Alzheimers Disease May Be Type 3 Diabetes

For the abstract and review article:
Review of insulin and insulin-like growth factor expression, signaling, and malfunction in the central nervous system: Relevance to Alzheimers disease

Impaired insulin and insulin-like growth factor expression and signaling mechanisms in Alzheimers disease - is this type 3 diabetes?